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If you have Tcl and Tkinter installed on your system, you can run the following command to verify you can start working with it: import tkinter tkinter. Learn more about installing tkinter. Last Updated: October 26, Python 3. If you have Python 3. Watch video demonstration here. Watch video demonstration: How to verify Tkinter installation on Windows. Next steps Now that you have installed Tkinter for Windows, start creating your GUI applications by learning how you can position your buttons: How to position buttons in Tkinter with Place How to position buttons in Tkinter with Pack How to position buttons in Tkinter with Grid.
Related Links. What Is Pandas In Python? Everything You Need To Know. Download Python For Machine Learning. Frequently Asked Questions.
How do I install Tkinter on Windows? Download ActivePython with Tcl and Tkinter included. Where can I download Tkinter for Python? How do I call Tkinter in Python? How do I know if Tkinter is installed on Windows? Watch the video on how to install tkinter on Windows.
Because it is single-threaded, event handlers must respond quickly, otherwise they will block other events from being processed. To avoid this, any long-running computations should not run in an event handler, but are either broken into smaller pieces using timers, or run in another thread.
This is different from many GUI toolkits where the GUI runs in a completely separate thread from all application code including event handlers. If the Tcl interpreter is not running the event loop and processing events, any tkinter calls made from threads other than the one running the Tcl interpreter will fail.
In this case, tkinter calls the library from the originating Python thread, even if this is different than the thread that created the Tcl interpreter. A global lock ensures only one call occurs at a time.
While tkinter allows you to create more than one instance of a Tk object with its own interpreter , all interpreters that are part of the same thread share a common event queue, which gets ugly fast.
Blocking event handlers are not the only way to prevent the Tcl interpreter from reentering the event loop. It is even possible to run multiple nested event loops or abandon the event loop entirely. There are a few select tkinter functions that presently work only when called from the thread that created the Tcl interpreter. Options control things like the color and border width of a widget.
Options can be set in three ways:. For a complete explanation of a given option and its behavior, see the Tk man pages for the widget in question. The former is a list of options that are common to many widgets, the latter are the options that are idiosyncratic to that particular widget.
The Standard Options are documented on the options 3 man page. No distinction between standard and widget-specific options is made in this document. Whether a given widget responds to a particular option depends on the class of the widget; buttons have a command option, labels do not. The return value of these calls is a dictionary whose key is the name of the option as a string for example, 'relief' and whose values are 5-tuples.
Passing the config method the name of a shorthand option will return a 2-tuple, not 5-tuple. Of course, the dictionary printed will include all the options available and their values. This is meant only as an example. Geometry managers are used to specify the relative positioning of widgets within their container - their mutual master. In contrast to the more cumbersome placer which is used less commonly, and we do not cover here , the packer takes qualitative relationship specification - above , to the left of , filling , etc - and works everything out to determine the exact placement coordinates for you.
The packer is used to control where slave widgets appear inside the master into which they are packed. You can pack widgets into frames, and frames into other frames, in order to achieve the kind of layout you desire. Additionally, the arrangement is dynamically adjusted to accommodate incremental changes to the configuration, once it is packed.
Note that widgets do not appear until they have had their geometry specified with a geometry manager. Here are some examples:. Boolean, 0 or 1. Legal values: 'x' , 'y' , 'both' , 'none'.
Legal values are: 'left' , 'right' , 'top' , 'bottom'. The current-value setting of some widgets like text entry widgets can be connected directly to application variables by using special options. These options are variable , textvariable , onvalue , offvalue , and value.
Unfortunately, in the current implementation of tkinter it is not possible to hand over an arbitrary Python variable to a widget through a variable or textvariable option. The only kinds of variables for which this works are variables that are subclassed from a class called Variable, defined in tkinter. To read the current value of such a variable, call the get method on it, and to change its value you call the set method. If you follow this protocol, the widget will always track the value of the variable, with no further intervention on your part.
In Tk, there is a utility command, wm , for interacting with the window manager. Options to the wm command allow you to control things like titles, placement, icon bitmaps, and the like.
In tkinter , these commands have been implemented as methods on the Wm class. Toplevel widgets are subclassed from the Wm class, and so can call the Wm methods directly. This method begins with an underscore to denote the fact that this function is part of the implementation, and not an interface to Tk functionality.
Legal values are points of the compass: "n" , "ne" , "e" , "se" , "s" , "sw" , "w" , "nw" , and also "center". There are eight built-in, named bitmaps: 'error' , 'gray25' , 'gray50' , 'hourglass' , 'info' , 'questhead' , 'question' , 'warning'. You can pass integers 0 or 1 or the strings "yes" or "no". Colors can be given as the names of X colors in the rgb.
The standard X cursor names from cursorfont. You can also specify a bitmap and mask file of your own. Screen distances can be specified in either pixels or absolute distances. For example, 3. Font sizes with positive numbers are measured in points; sizes with negative numbers are measured in pixels. This is a string of the form widthxheight , where width and height are measured in pixels for most widgets in characters for widgets displaying text.
Legal values are the strings: "left" , "center" , "right" , and "fill". This is a string with four space-delimited elements, each of which is a legal distance see above.
For example: "2 3 4 5" and "3i 2i 4. Determines what the border style of a widget will be. Legal values are: "raised" , "sunken" , "flat" , "groove" , and "ridge".
This is almost always the set method of some scrollbar widget, but can be any widget method that takes a single argument. Must be one of: "none" , "char" , or "word". The bind method from the widget command allows you to watch for certain events and to have a callback function trigger when that event type occurs.
The form of the bind method is:. An Event instance will be passed as the argument. Functions deployed this way are commonly known as callbacks. Passing an empty string denotes that this binding is to replace any other bindings that this event is associated with. This field contains the widget that caught the X event. The following table lists the other event fields you can access, and how they are denoted in Tk, which can be useful when referring to the Tk man pages.
These are used to point at a specific place in a Text widget, or to particular characters in an Entry widget, or to particular menu items in a Menu widget. Entry widgets have options that refer to character positions in the text being displayed. You can use these tkinter functions to access these special points in text widgets:.
Some options and methods for menus manipulate specific menu entries. Anytime a menu index is needed for an option or a parameter, you may pass in:. Note that this index type is considered after all the others, which means that matches for menu items labelled last , active , or none may be interpreted as the above literals, instead.
Images of different formats can be created through the corresponding subclass of tkinter. Image :. BitmapImage for images in XBM format. The latter is supported starting with Tk 8. Either type of image is created through either the file or the data option other options are available as well.
The image object can then be used wherever an image option is supported by some widget e. In these cases, Tk will not keep a reference to the image. When the last Python reference to the image object is deleted, the image data is deleted as well, and Tk will display an empty box wherever the image was used. Only one handler may be registered per file descriptor. Example code:. For sockets, the recv or recvfrom methods will work fine; for other files, use raw reads or os. Registers the file handler callback function func.
The file argument may either be an object with a fileno method such as a file or socket object , or an integer file descriptor. The mask argument is an ORed combination of any of the three constants below. The callback is called as follows:. Navigation index modules next previous Python ». See also TkDocs Extensive tutorial on creating user interfaces with Tkinter. Tkinter 8.
Button frm , Entry self. StringVar Set it to some value. It prints the current value of the variable. The current entry content is:" , self. What option does…? See History and License for more information.
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